<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel=File-List href="e6s2sub1_files/filelist.xml"><title>Sources </title><o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"/><o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"/><style></style></head><body lang=EN-US style='tab-interval:36.0pt'> <div class=Section1>Sources<spanstyle='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'> Legal <spanclass=SpellE>souresInternational Treaty LawConvention onthe Rights of the Child (1989)<o:p></o:p><spanclass=GramE>Article 27.3.<spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'> States Parties, in accordance with national conditions and within theirmeans, shall take appropriate measures to assist parents and others responsiblefor the child to implement this right and shall in case of need providematerial assistance and support programmes,particularly with regard to nutrition, clothing and housing.” <o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>International Convention on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination against Women (1979)<o:p></o:p>14.2(g)& (h) “States Parties shall take all appropriate measures toeliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on abasis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit fromrural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women theright… to have access to agricultural credit and loans, marketingfacilities, appropriate technology and equal treatment in land and agrarianreform as well as in land resettlement schemes; To enjoy adequate livingconditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity andwater supply, transport and communications.”<o:p></o:p><o:p> </o:p>International Convention on the Elimination of All Formsof Racial Discrimination (1965)<spanclass=GramE>Article 5. “In compliance withthe fundamental obligations laid down in Article 2 of this Convention, Statesparties undertake to prohibit and eliminate racial discrimination in all itsforms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, <spanclass=SpellE>colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality beforethe law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:... (e)Economic, Social and Cultural rights in particular:…(iii) The right to housing.”<spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951)<spanclass=GramE>Article 21. “As regards housing, theContracting States, in so far as the matter is regulated by laws or regulationsor is subject to the control of public authorities, shall accord to refugeeslawfully staying in their territory treatment as favourableas possible and, in any event, not less favourablethan that accorded to aliens generally in the same circumstances.”<spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Declaratory Instruments and JurisprudenceHuman Rights Committee (HRC) General Comment No. 28(68), “Equality of rights between men and women” (2000)<o:p></o:p>3.“…The State party must not only adopt measures of protection, butalso positive measures in all areas so as to achieve the effective and equalempowerment of women…”<spanstyle='mso-spacerun:yes'> 4. “…States partiesare responsible for ensuring the equal enjoyment of rights without anydiscrimination. Articles 2 and 3 [of ICCPR] mandate States parties to take allsteps necessary, including the prohibition of discrimination on the ground ofsex, to put an end to discriminatory actions, both in the public and theprivate sector, which impair the equal enjoyment of rights.” <spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>19. “The right of everyone…to be recognized everywhere as aperson before the law is particularly pertinent for women, who often see itcurtailed by reason of sex or marital status. This right implies…thecapacity of women to own property…”<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(CESCR) General Comment No. 6, “Theeconomic, social and cultural rights of older persons” (1996)<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>33. “Recommendations 19 to 24 of the Vienna International Plan ofAction on Ageing emphasize that housing for the elderly must be viewed as morethan mere shelter and that, in addition to the physical, it has psychologicaland social significance which should be taken into account. Accordingly,national policies should help elderly persons to continue to live in their ownhomes as long as possible, through the restoration, development and improvementof homes and their adaptation to the ability of those persons to gainaccess to and use them (recommendation 19). Recommendation 20stresses the need for urban rebuilding and development planning and law to payspecial attention to the problems of the ageing, assisting in securing theirsocial integration, while recommendation 22 draws attention to the need totake account of the functional capacity of the elderly in order to provide themwith a better living environment...<spanlang=AR-SA dir=RTL style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><spandir=RTL>”<o:p></o:p><spanlang=AR-SA dir=RTL style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Habitat Agenda, adopted by the second United NationsConference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) (1996)<spanclass=TKTitleinTextChar>39. <spanstyle='font-weight:normal'>"We reaffirm our commitment to the full andprogressive realization of the right to adequate housing, asprovided for in international instruments. In this context, we recognize anobligation by Governments to enable people to obtain shelter and to protect andimprove dwellings and neighbourhoods. We commitourselves to the goal of improving living and working conditions on anequitable and sustainable basis, so that everyone will have adequate shelterthat is…accessible…"<spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>61(c) “Adopting policies aimed at making housing habitable, affordableand accessible, including for those who are unable to secure adequate housingthrough their own means”<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='color:#FF6600;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(CESCR) General Comment No. 5, “Persons with disabilities” (1994)<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>33. <spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>“In addition to the need to ensurethat persons with disabilities have access to adequate food, accessible housingand other basic material needs, it is also necessary to ensure that‘support services, including assistive devices’ are available‘for persons with disabilities, to assist them to increasetheir level of independence in their daily living and to exercise theirrights’…Similarly, as already noted by the Committee in paragraph 8of general comment No. 4 (Sixth session, 1991), the right to adequate housingincludes the right to accessible housing for persons with disabilities.<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(CESCR) General Comment No. 4, “The right to adequate housing”(1991)<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>8. (<spanclass=GramE>e) “Accessibility. Adequate housing must beaccessible to those entitled to it. <o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Disadvantagedgroups must be accorded full and sustainable access to adequate housingresources. Thus, such disadvantaged groups as the elderly, children, thephysically disabled, the terminally ill, HIV-positive individuals, persons withpersistent medical problems, the mentally ill, victims of natural disasters,people living in disaster-prone areas and other groups should be ensured somedegree of priority consideration in the housing sphere. Both housing law andpolicy should take fully into account the special housing needs of thesegroups. Within many States parties increasing access to land by landless orimpoverished segments of the society should constitute a central policy goal.Discernible governmental obligations need to be developed aiming tosubstantiate the right of all to a secure place to live in peace and dignity,including access to land as an entitlement.”<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Additional Protocol to the American Convention onHuman Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"Protocol Of San Salvador" (1988) [not in force]<spanclass=GramE>Article 18. Protection of the Handicapped“Everyoneaffected by a diminution of his physical or mental capacities is entitled toreceive special attention designed to help him achieve the greatest possibledevelopment of his personality. The States Parties agree to adopt such measuresas may be necessary for this purpose and, especially, to:a.Undertake programs specifically aimed at providing the handicapped with theresources and environment needed for attaining this goal…c.Include the consideration of solutions to specific requirements arising fromneeds of this group as a priority component of their urban developmentplans…”<spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Declaration onRace and Racial Prejudice (UNESCO, 1978)<o:p></o:p><spanclass=GramE>Article 9.2. particularattention should be paid to racial or ethnic groups which are socially oreconomically disadvantaged, so as to afford them, on a completely equal footingand without discrimination or restriction, the protection of the laws andregulations and the advantages of the social measures in force, in particularin regard to housing […].<spanstyle='color:#339966;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Vancouver</st1:City></st1:place><spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'> Declaration Human Settlements (1976)<o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>III.8. "Adequate shelter and services are a basic human right which placesan obligation on Governments to ensure their attainment by all people,beginning with direct assistance to the least advantaged through guided <spanclass=SpellE>programmes of self-help and community action. Governmentsshould endeavour to remove all impediments hindering attainmentof these goals. Of special importance is the elimination of social and racialsegregation, inter alia, through the creationof better balanced communities, which blend different social groups,occupations, housing and amenities". <o:p></o:p><spanstyle='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p>Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975)Article9. "Disabled persons have the right to live with their families orwith foster parents and to participate in all social, creative or recreationalactivities. No disabled person shall be subjected, as far as his or herresidence is concerned, to differential treatment other than that required byhis or her condition or by the improvement which he or she may derive <spanclass=SpellE>therefrom. If the stay of a disabled person in aspecialized establishment is indispensable, the environment and livingconditions therein shall be as close as possible to those of the normal life ofa person of his or her age."<o:p> </o:p></div></body></html>